Authors
Duan, Chao; Bharati, Guna; Chakraborty, Pratyush; Chen, Bo; Nishikawa, Takashi; Motter, Adilson
Abstract
We report on a real-time demand response experiment with 100 controllable devices. The experiment revealsseveral key challenges in the deployment of a real-time demandresponse program, including time delays, uncertainties, characterization errors, multiple timescales, and nonlinearity, whichhave been largely ignored in previous studies. To resolve thesepractical issues, we develop and implement a two-level multiloop control structure integrating feed-forward proportionalintegral controllers and optimization solvers in closed loops,which eliminates steady-state errors and improves the dynamicalperformance of the overall building response. The proposedmethods are validated by Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) tests.