Abstract: Advancement in battery technology is critical to the rapidly growing clean energy industries such as electric vehicles and energy storage. Despite considerable progress in improving the performance of lithium-ion batteries, these batteries still face critical challenges such as flammability of organic liquid electrolyte, limited capacity, and limited operating temperature and voltage range. Solid-state batteries are a promising alternative to overcome these limitations. However, there are significant material and processing challenges to overcome before the widespread adoption of solid-state batteries. Physics-based coupled, high fidelity models can help understand the electrochemical, thermal, and mechanical phenomena in solid-state battery and achieve viable battery designs that are comparable with conventional lithium-ion batteries in terms of performance but better in terms of safer operation.

Here we present a computational tool, named EEL, for three dimensional, fully coupled electro-chemo-thermo-mechanical modeling of batteries. The tool adopts a modular software architecture so additional physics can be easily included by specifying the new contribution to the total potential. We also present results of several charge/discharge simulations of solid-state battery to demonstrate the utility of EEL and its underlying theoretical framework.