Abstract: The electrification of modern society, including portable devices, electrical vehicles, and grid-scale storage, has driven intensive research and development of inexpensive, safe, long-cycling life, high-performance energy storage technologies. This presentation will discuss our recent research efforts in developing viologen and quinone anolyte materials for both anion and cation exchange AORFBs with a variety of catholyte materials including ferrocene, TEMPO, ferrocyanide, and halides. In addition, magnesium battery chemistry developed by our group will be also presented. This presentation emphasizes that the fundamental understanding of redox active electrolytes at the molecular level is crucial to developing new generations of redox flow and magnesium batteries for sustainable energy storage.