Revealing the intricate quantum properties of matter often requires low temperatures to suppress thermal excitations from the environment. The Center for Nanoscale Materials’ Quantum Matter and Devices Lab is equipped with a dilution refrigerator system for ultralow-temperature experiments down to 10 mK. The system features several unique capabilities including a vector superconductor magnet, multi-directional free-space optical accesses, and an expedited sample-loading mechanism.

With a variety of pre-installed electronic, microwave and optical characterization lines, the system is designed for measuring a diverse array of quantum materials and devices, such as quantum liquids and solids, superconducting qubits, and single-electron transistors. Moreover, we provide versatile characterization instruments, including an extremely high-frequency (up to 100 GHz) microwave network analyzer, a high-power UV-Vis-NIR tunable nanosecond laser, and the associated microwave and optical setups. Femtosecond laser spectroscopy integrated with millikelvin ultralow temperature is under development.

Capabilities and advantages:

• Ultralow base temperature: ~10 mK
• Vector magnetic field: 5T in Z axis and 1T in any direction, ~10 mG low-drift stability
• Expedited top-sample-loading probe: only 8 hours from room temperature to mK
• Versatile electronic access: 100x dc wires, 20x 18GHz microwave coax, 2x 5kV high-voltage cables
• Versatile optical access: 8x Vis-IR optical fibers, 5x free space optical windows (4 horizontal and 1 vertical, covering UV-Vis-NIR-MIR spectrum)
• Quantum-limited and Low-noise amplifiers, circulators, isolators and directional couplers for superconductor device (e.g., qubits and SET) characterization
• 2x high-pressure fill lines for quantum liquid and solid research

Publications:

• J. Liu, C. Zhong, M. Otten, A. Chandra, C. L. Cortes, C. Ti, S. K. Gray, and Xu Han*, ​“Quantum Kerr Learning”, arXiv:2205.12004v2 (2022)
• X. Zhou, X. Li, Q. Chen, G. Koolstra, G. Yang, B. Dizdar, X. Han, X. Zhang, D. I. Schuster, and D. Jin*, ​“Electron charge qubits on solid neon with 0.1 millisecond coherence time”, arXiv:2210.12337 (2022)
• C. Zhong, X. Han, and L. Jiang, ​“Microwave and Optical Entanglement for Quantum Transduction with Electro-Optomechanics”, Phys. Rev. Applied 18, 054061 (2022) (Link)
• X. Han, C.-L. Zou, W. Fu, M. Xu, Y. Xu, and H. X. Tang, ​“Superconducting Cavity Electromechanics: The Realization of an Acoustic Frequency Comb at Microwave Frequencies”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 107701 (2022) (Link)
• R. Kleiner, X. Zhou, E. Dorsch, X. Zhang, D. Koelle, and D. Jin*, ​“Space-time crystalline order of a high-critical-temperature superconductor with intrinsic Josephson junctions”, Nat. Commun. 12, 6038 (2021) (Link)
• J. Xu, C. Zhong, X. Han, D. Jin, L. Jiang, and X. Zhang*, ​“Coherent gate operations in hybrid magnonics”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 207202 (2021) (Link)
• C. Liu, X. Yan, D. Jin, Y. Ma, H.-W. Hsiao, Y. Lin, T. M. Bretz-Sullivan, X. Zhou, J. Pearson, B. Fisher, J. S. Jiang, W. Han, J.-M. Zuo, J. Wen, D. D. Fong, J. Sun, H. Zhou, A. Bhattacharya, ​“Two-dimensional superconductivity and anisotropic transport at KTaO3 (111) interfaces”, Science 371, 716-721 (2021) (Link)
• Y.-Y. Lyu, X. Zhou, Z.-L. Xiao, R. Fotovat, J. Xu, G. Basnet, Y.-L. Wang, D. Jin, R. Divan, H.-B. Wang, and W.-K. Kwok,​“Non-Ohmic negative longitudinal magnetoresistance in a two-dimensional electron gas”, Phys. Rev. B 103, 035422 (2021) (Link)
• X. Han, W. Fu, C.-L. Zou, L. Jiang, and H. X. Tang,​ ​“Microwave-optical quantum frequency conversion”, Optica 8, 1050 (2021) (Link) 
• W. Fu, M. Xu, X. Liu, C.-L. Zou, C. Zhong, X. Han, M. Shen, Y. Xu, R. Cheng, S. Wang, L. Jiang, and H. X. Tang, ​“Cavity electro-optic circuit for microwave-to-optical conversion in the quantum ground state”, Phys. Rev. A 103, 053504 (2021) (Link)
• Z. Wang, M. Xu, X. Han, W. Fu, S. Puri, S. M. Girvin, H. X. Tang, S. Shankar, and M. H. Devoret, ​“Quantum microwave radiometry with a superconducting qubit”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 180501 (2021) (Link)
• J. Xu, C. Zhong, X. Han, D. Jin, L. Jiang, and X. Zhang*, ​“Floquet cavity electromagnonics”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 237201 (2020). (Link)
• X. Han, W. Fu, C. Zhong, C.-Li. Zou, Y. Xu, A. Al Sayem, M. Xu, S. Wang, R. Cheng, L. Jiang, and H. X. Tang, ​“Cavity piezo-mechanics for superconducting-nanophotonic quantum interface”, Nat. Commun. 11, 3237 (2020) (Link)
• X. Zhou, X. Han, D. Koelle, R. Kleiner, X. Zhang*, and D. Jin*, ​“On-chip sensing of hotspots in superconducting terahertz emitters”, Nano Lett. 20, 4197−4203 (2020) (Link)
• C. Zhong, X. Han, H. X. Tang, and L. Jiang, ​“Entanglement of microwave-optical modes in a strongly coupled electro-optomechanical system”, Phys. Rev. A 101, 032345 (2020) (Link)
• D. Jin*, ​“Quantum electronics and optics at the interface of solid neon and superfluid helium”, Quantum Sci. & Technol. 5, 035003 (2020) (Link)
• M. Otten, X. Zhou, X. Zhang, and D. Jin*, ​“Coherent manipulation of single electrons with optical photons in condensed helium-4”, Adv. Theory Simul. 3, 2000008 (2020) (Link)
• X. Zhang*, A. Galda, X. Han, D. Jin, and V. M. Vinokur, ​“Broadband Nonreciprocity Enabled by Strong Coupling of Magnons and Microwave Photons”, Phys. Rev. Applied 13, 044039 (2020) – Selected as Editor’s Suggestions. (Link)
• T. Kanai, W. Guo, M. Tsubota, and D. Jin, ​“Torque and angular-momentum transfer in merging rotating Bose-Einstein condensates”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 105302 (2020) (Link)
• D. Hong, C. Liu, H.-W. Hsiao, D. Jin, J. E. Pearson, J.-M. Zuo, A. Bhattacharya, ​“Molecular beam epitaxy of the magnetic kagome metal FeSn on LaAlO3 (111)”, AIP Advances 10, 105017 (2020) (Link)
• X. Zhang*, K. Ding, X. Zhou, J. Xu, and D. Jin, ​“Experimental observation of exceptional surface in synthetic dimensions with magnon polaritons”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 237202 (2019) – Selected as Editor’s Suggestions (Link)
• D. Jin, Y. Xia, T. Christensen, M. Freeman, S. Wang, K. Y. Fong, G. Gardner, S. Fallahi, Q. Hu, Y. Wang, L. Engel, Z.-L. Xiao, M. J. Manfra, N. X. Fang, and X. Zhang,​“Topological kink magnetoplasmons on magnetic domain boundaries”, Nat. Commun. 10, 4565 (2019) (Link)

* Corresponding author(s) from CNM.